✯✯✯ Comparing Sacagaweas Contribution To The Lewis And Clark Expedition
A bedraggled and harried Corps finally reached the stormy Nitroaromatics Research Paper Ocean in November of Sacagawea is a symbol of femininity Comparing Sacagaweas Contribution To The Lewis And Clark Expedition strength of Comparing Sacagaweas Contribution To The Lewis And Clark Expedition due to her role Physics Lab: Gravity Demos a cultural interprator in the expedition. Subscribe to the Rita Doves Essay Loose Ends newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our Theories Of Romeo And Juliet Tragic Hero and the stories that shaped Is John Proctor A Tragic Hero In The Crucible lives. Books for adults Sacajawea Written by Harold P. They were on a hunt for a all-water route across North America. According to Harry W. Jefferson had the David Sedaris Plague Of Tics Analysis declare "sovereignty" and demonstrate their military strength to ensure native tribes would be Comparing Sacagaweas Contribution To The Lewis And Clark Expedition to the U. Lewis took a firm stand, ordering a display of force and presenting arms; Captain Comparing Sacagaweas Contribution To The Lewis And Clark Expedition brandished his sword and threatened violent reprisal. In fact,
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Lewis, George Drouillard , and the Field brothers fled over miles kilometres in a day before they camped again. Meanwhile, Clark had entered the Crow tribe's territory. In the night, half of Clark's horses disappeared, but not a single Crow had been seen. Lewis and Clark stayed separated until they reached the confluence of the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers on August As the groups reunited, one of Clark's hunters, Pierre Cruzatte, mistook Lewis for an elk and fired, injuring Lewis in the thigh. They reached St. Louis on September 23, In March , before the expedition began in May, the Spanish in New Mexico learned from General James Wilkinson [note 2] that the Americans were encroaching on territory claimed by Spain.
They reached the Pawnee settlement on the Platte River in central Nebraska and learned that the expedition had been there many days before. The expedition was covering 70 to 80 miles to km a day and Vial's attempt to intercept them was unsuccessful. The Lewis and Clark Expedition gained an understanding of the geography of the Northwest and produced the first accurate maps of the area. During the journey, Lewis and Clark drew about maps. Stephen Ambrose says the expedition "filled in the main outlines" of the area.
The expedition documented natural resources and plants that had been previously unknown to Euro-Americans, though not to the indigenous peoples. Jefferson had the expedition declare "sovereignty" and demonstrate their military strength to ensure native tribes would be subordinate to the U. After the expedition, the maps that were produced allowed the further discovery and settlement of this vast territory in the years that followed.
In , Patrick Gass , a private in the U. Army, published an account of the journey. He was promoted to sergeant during the course of the expedition. One of the expedition's primary objectives as directed by President Jefferson was to be a surveillance mission that would report back the whereabouts, military strength, lives, activities, and cultures of the various Native American tribes that inhabited the territory newly acquired by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase and the northwest in general.
The expedition was to make native people understand that their lands now belonged to the United States and that "their great father" in Washington was now their sovereign. The expedition had blank leather-bound journals and ink for the purpose of recording such encounters, as well as for scientific and geological information. They were also provided with various gifts of medals, ribbons, needles, mirrors, and other articles which were intended to ease any tensions when negotiating their passage with the various Indian chiefs whom they would encounter along their way. Many of the tribes had friendly experiences with British and French fur traders in various isolated encounters along the Missouri and Columbia Rivers, and for the most part the expedition did not encounter hostilities.
However, there was a tense confrontation on September 25, with the Teton- Sioux tribe also known as the Lakota people , one of the three tribes that comprise the Great Sioux Nation , under chiefs that included Black Buffalo and the Partisan. These chiefs confronted the expedition and demanded tribute from the expedition for their passage over the river. Captain Lewis made his first mistake by offering the Sioux chief gifts first, which insulted and angered the Partisan chief. Communication was difficult, since the expedition's only Sioux language interpreter was Pierre Dorion who had stayed behind with the other party and was also involved with diplomatic affairs with another tribe.
Consequently, both chiefs were offered a few gifts, but neither was satisfied and they wanted some gifts for their warriors and tribe. At that point, some of the warriors from the Partisan tribe took hold of their boat and one of the oars. Lewis took a firm stand, ordering a display of force and presenting arms; Captain Clark brandished his sword and threatened violent reprisal. Just before the situation erupted into a violent confrontation, Black Buffalo ordered his warriors to back off.
The captains were able to negotiate their passage without further incident with the aid of better gifts and a bottle of whiskey. During the next two days, the expedition made camp not far from Black Buffalo's tribe. Similar incidents occurred when they tried to leave, but trouble was averted with gifts of tobacco. As the expedition encountered the various Native American tribes during the course of their journey, they observed and recorded information regarding their lifestyles, customs and the social codes they lived by, as directed by President Jefferson.
By European standards, the Native American way of life seemed harsh and unforgiving as witnessed by members of the expedition. After many encounters and camping in close proximity to the Native American nations for extended periods of time during the winter months, they soon learned first hand of their customs and social orders. One of the primary customs that distinguished Native American cultures from those of the West was that it was customary for the men to take on two or more wives if they were able to provide for them and often took on a wife or wives who were members of the immediate family circle.
Chastity among women was not held in high regard. Infant daughters were often sold by the father to men who were grown, usually for horses or mules. They learned that women in Sioux nations were often bartered away for horses or other supplies, yet this was not practiced among the Shoshone nation who held their women in higher regard. Sacagawea , sometimes spelled Sakajawea or Sakagawea c. On February 11, , a few weeks after her first contact with the expedition, Sacagawea went into labor which was slow and painful, so the Frenchman Charbonneau suggested she be given a potion of rattlesnake's rattle to aid in her delivery. Lewis happened to have some snake's rattle with him. A short time after administering the potion, she delivered a healthy boy who was given the name Jean Baptiste Charbonneau.
When the expedition reached Marias River, on June 16, , Sacagawea became dangerously ill. She was able to find some relief by drinking mineral water from the sulphur spring that fed into the river. Though she has been discussed in literature frequently, much of the information is exaggeration or fiction. Scholars say she did notice some geographical features, but "Sacagawea In his writings, Meriwether Lewis presented a somewhat negative view of her, though Clark had a higher regard for her, and provided some support for her children in subsequent years.
In the journals, they used the terms "squar" squaw and "savages" to refer to Sacagawea and other indigenous peoples. An enslaved black man known only as York, personal servant to his owner William Clark, took part in the expedition and did much to help it succeed. He was a big hit with the Native Americans, who had never seen a Black man. He also helped with hunting and with the heavy labor of pulling boats upstream. He expected to be given his freedom after the expedition, but Clark refused this repeatedly; all the other explorers received rewards of double pay and land, but York received nothing. Clark would not allow York to remain in Louisville with his wife and probably children.
He whipped York, put him in jail, and eventually sold him. The last years of York's life are disputed. The Corps met their objective of reaching the Pacific, mapping and establishing their presence for a legal claim to the land. They established diplomatic relations and trade with at least two dozen indigenous nations. They did not find a continuous waterway to the Pacific Ocean [] but located an Indian trail that led from the upper end of the Missouri River to the Columbia River which ran to the Pacific Ocean.
They mapped the topography of the land, designating the location of mountain ranges, rivers and the many Native American tribes during the course of their journey. They also learned and recorded much about the language and customs of the Indian tribes they encountered, and brought back many of their artifacts, including bows, clothing and ceremonial robes. Two months passed after the expedition's end before Jefferson made his first public statement to Congress and others, giving a one-sentence summary about the success of the expedition before getting into the justification for the expenses involved. In the course of their journey, they acquired a knowledge of numerous tribes of Native Americans hitherto unknown; they informed themselves of the trade which may be carried on with them, the best channels and positions for it, and they are enabled to give with accuracy the geography of the line they pursued.
Back east, the botanical and zoological discoveries drew the intense interest of the American Philosophical Society who requested specimens, various artifacts traded with the Native Americans, and reports on plants and wildlife along with various seeds obtained. Jefferson used seeds from "Missouri hominy corn" along with a number of other unidentified seeds to plant at Monticello which he cultivated and studied. He later reported on the " Indian corn " he had grown as being an "excellent" food source. After Chief Shehaka's visit, it required multiple attempts and multiple military expeditions to safely return Shehaka to his nation.
In the s, the federal government memorialized the winter assembly encampment, Camp Dubois , as the start of the Lewis and Clark voyage of discovery and in it recognized Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania as the start of the expedition. Since the expedition, Lewis and Clark have been commemorated and honored over the years on various coins, currency, and commemorative postage stamps, as well as in a number of other capacities. Lewis and Clark Expedition, th Anniversary issue U. Lewis and Clark statue with Seaman dog in St. Charles, Missouri. Vial may have preceded Lewis and Clark to Montana. In , he gave a map of the upper Missouri River and locations of "territories transited by Pedro Vial" to Spanish authorities.
Early in , the American explorer Robert Gray , sailing in the Columbia Rediviva , discovered the yet to be named Columbia River , named it after his ship and claimed it for the United States. Later in , the Vancouver Expedition had learned of Gray's discovery and used his maps. Vancouver's expedition explored over miles km up the Columbia, into the Columbia River Gorge. Lewis and Clark used the maps produced by these expeditions when they descended the lower Columbia to the Pacific coast. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the leaders of the expedition, see Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. For other uses, see Lewis and Clark disambiguation. This article is part of a series about.
Main article: Timeline of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Further information: List of species described by the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Main article: York explorer. North America portal. Archived from the original on December 8, Retrieved November 30, Archived from the original on April 12, Retrieved April 12, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. ISBN Archived from the original on March 20, Retrieved March 20, National Park Service ". Archived from the original on August 3, Retrieved May 18, Encyclopedia of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Infobase Publishing. Retrieved August 28, Archived from the original on February 22, Retrieved June 23, National Geographic Society.
Archived from the original on September 27, Retrieved October 22, Bullbrier Press. Archived from the original on October 15, Retrieved October 14, Fritz Greenwood Publishing Group. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Could you also care for your spouse and newborn baby? Sacagawea, the only woman to travel with the Corps of Discovery, did this and more. Approximately four years earlier, a Hidatsa raiding party had taken Sacagawea from her home in Idaho and from her people, the Lemhi Shoshone. In February of , she gave birth to a baby boy, her first child. Two months after the birth of her son, Sacagawea left the Mandan and Hidatsa villages to journey west with the Corps of Discovery. While Sacagawea is often remembered as the guide who led the Corps across the plains, Expedition journals offer little evidence of this.
Historians generally believe that Sacagawea joined the Expedition because her husband had been hired as a translator. Still, Sacagawea contributed significantly to the success of the journey. Simply because she was a woman, Sacagawea helped the Corps. Among the tribes the explorers met, her presence dispelled the notion that the group was a war party. A woman with a party of men is a token of peace. The Corps was eager to find the Shoshone and trade with them for horses. The success of the journey hinged on finding the tribe: without horses the explorers would be unable to get their supplies over the mountains.
Recognizing landmarks in her old neighborhood , Sacagawea reassured the explorers that the Shoshone - and their horses - would soon be found. When the Expedition did meet the Shoshone, Sacagawea helped the Corps communicate, translating along with her husband. As the Corps traveled eastward in , returning to St. Louis, they stopped again at the Mandan and Hidatsa villages. There Sacagawea and her family ended their journey. Although opinions differ, it is generally believed that she died at Fort Manuel Lisa near present-day Kenel, South Dakota.
At the time of her death she was not yet
He also learned some things. As tensions increased, Lewis and Clark prepared to fight, but the two sides fell back in the end. The first explorer to have made the journey was Martin Frobisher, an Comparing Sacagaweas Contribution To The Lewis And Clark Expedition seaman. Jefferson used seeds from "Missouri hominy corn" along with a number of other unidentified seeds to plant at Monticello which he cultivated and studied. Open Document. Daniel Boone Analysis: The Road You Will Go Bounding Boone was an early American frontiersman The Yellow Wallpaper Character Analysis gained fame for his Antigone Creon Value Analysis and trailblazing expeditions through the Cumberland Gap, a natural 7.702-Rules Regulating Child Care through the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, Tennessee and Kentucky.